Starting And Naming A Business - 915 Words

STARTING AND NAMING A BUSINESS JOHAN RIVERA LIBERTY UNIVERSITY Shania Jackson is a Christian woman that has the desire to devote her time and money in the creation of a Christian coffeehouse in Denver, Colorado. Ms. Jackson counts with the support of her husband, Marvin that it’s simply interested in making a generous contribution for the initiation of the coffeehouse process. Shania has been approach by several individuals interested in being considerate to be part of the development of the business. Her sister, Kelsey, is new to Christianity and found this project as an excellent opportunity to be active in an atmosphere that will allow her to grow in her faith. However, her husband is not a Christian man and he does not support Kelsey’s desire. Carlos, Mrs. Jackson neighbor is one of the individual interested in investing in this concept since he believe in the idea and see an opportunity to increase his financial position. Carlos is not a believer, but consider that there is a market for a Christian coffeehouse and it would be in a high demand by the many costumers that visit the churches around the area. Besides choosing a staff to help Shania establish the business, she have to determine if the business will be a franchise were she would adopt a name and trade dress or buy an specific amount of products for a establish period of time. Mrs. Jackson also has the option to establish an independent business. Shania need to evaluate the intention of this business and takeShow MoreRelatedStarting And Naming A Business Essay879 Words   |  4 PagesStarting and Naming a Business Shania Jackson is interested in starting a Christian coffeehouse near Denver, Colorado. A few family members and an acquaintance, both believers and nonbelievers, have expressed interest in investing and become a part of her business. She has researched franchise opportunities with various stipulations as a method for starting her business. She is also considering naming her business â€Å"The Gathering Place†. Business Structure With a desire to be an entrepreneurRead MoreStarting and Naming a Business Essay1484 Words   |  6 PagesBUSI 561, Legal Issues in Business Liberty University Starting Naming a Business Betty Wilson’s venture of opening a Christian Coffee House in Belmont, NC, presents her with abundant opportunities in selecting a business form. She is considering the following types of entities: 1) franchise, 2) sole proprietorship, 3) partnership of some sort, 4) corporation of some sort, 5) LLC, or 6) even as a joint venture. We will briefly explore each business option and give Betty concise recommendationsRead MoreCorporation and Betty1382 Words   |  6 PagesLiberty University Online BUSI561 / Legal Issues in Business November 4, 2012 Starting and Naming a Business Betty Wilson, whom I view as being a mature and respectable Christian, is currently thinking of starting her own company. Betty expressed that she would like to open a Christian Coffee House in her present town of Belmont, NC. Although her husband, John is opened to making a contribution of capital to her business, he is not at all interested in taking part in theRead MoreCase Study : Open For Business1694 Words   |  7 PagesOpen for Business Shania is a Christian who is considering opening a new business. She is contemplating who she will potential involve in the business as well as the manner in which she will establish the new business. The following is an analysis of the options in which Shania might choose, given the perceived goals and legal implications that will assist her in achieving those goals. Reviewing the Facts Shania Jackson is a married woman, living in Denver, Colorado, who has aspirations of openingRead MoreIntelligence into Success1435 Words   |  6 Pagesdream and often fathom about starting their own small business. Becoming a successful entrepreneur has been part of the American dream since the early 1800‘s. In addition to giving a person the ability to make his or her own decisions, business ownership opens the gateway to financial independence, creative freedom, and more time to spend with family (Smallbusiness.com). Nevertheless, how hard would it be to start a small business and be victorious? â€Å"Starting a business involves planning, making keyRead MoreRequirements for Starting a Restaurant Business Essay1207 Words   |  5 PagesRequirements for Starting a Restaurant Business Restaurant business is the organized effort of an individual to produce and sell for a profit the goods and services that satisfy society needs (Lundberg and Walker 2). To organize a restaurant business, businessman must have to have four kind of resources; material, human, financial and information. These four resources apply for every kind of business no matter what kind of business it is youre going to start. For exampleRead MoreGraduation Speech : The Collegiate Body, Junior College And Universities Aren t Limited1031 Words   |  5 Pagesgoals, and ambitions. Dentin Diggins also known as Cole, is a 17 year old high school senior, currently competing for his 2nd Environmental Services and Natural Resources Division I title. Chad Hemphill, a 41 year old father of three, runs his own business. Knowing his mistake of passing up an opportunity to further his education, he s taking that 2nd chance after twenty years. We also have Vanessa Garcia, a 33 year old single mother of three, who decided to take the chance and mustered up the courageRead MoreSmall Business Essays1489 Words   |  6 Pagesbusinesses. A new business is established to create a good or service that no other businesses have ever created or simply a product of higher quality than existing products, with the purpose of meeting customers’ needs and earning profits. Due to the technological adv ances at the present time, starting and operating a new business is less laborious. Nevertheless, would-be entrepreneurs should be familiar with the proper approaches to start their businesses. The first step to starting a business is to createRead MoreA Code Of Ethics Of A Concrete And Electrical Business1347 Words   |  6 PagesOur business will be a partnership between Juan Alvarado and Eduardo Martinez will be starting a concrete and electrical business and we’ll be naming it JECE co. We came up with this name using our initials and the initial of what we are doing which is a concrete and electrical company. Our business will be providing work in the electrical and concrete field. Well be providing work to big companies, who want to build any type of buildings like schools, apartment, houses, and stores. Customers willRead MoreThe Domain Name System Essays1357 Words   |  6 Pageswhich top level domain (TLD) it belongs to. There are only a limited number of such domains. For example:  · gov - Government agencies  · edu - Educational institutions  · org - Organizations (nonprofit)  · mil - Military  · com - commercial business  · net - Network organizations  · ca - Canada  · th - Thailand Because the Internet is based on IP addresses, not domain names, every Web Server requires a Domain Name System server to translate domain names into IP addresses.

The Foolproof Argumentative Essay Topics Organizational Strategy

The Foolproof Argumentative Essay Topics Organizational Strategy There are many steps which you should take so as to compose a fantastic essay. An argumentative paper is part of the persuasion. Even though a simple thousand words can be written in under a couple of hours, to compose a 1000 word paper is a procedure which may take days or even weeks. You may see that the course of action is virtually always the exact same. What Everybody Dislikes About Argumentative Essay Topics Organizational and Why Writing a college argumentative research paper isn't as simple as it might seem at first. Once every so often, your professor might offer you the liberty of writing an argumentative essay for college on the subject of your choice. Understanding how to compose a strong argumentative paper can help you advance your very own argumentative thinking. Argumentative writings is a particular kind of a paper. An argumentative essay will require that you take a specific stance about this issue you're writing about. If you can begin your critical thinking essay with the correct subject, it is going to allow it to be a lot easier for you to compose the critical thinking essay. Moral argumentative essay topics are a few of the simplest to get carried away with. Recent argumentative essay topics that are related to society is going to do. You don't need to find super technical with legal argumentative essays, but remember to do your homework on what the present laws about your preferred topic actually say. When you've got a completed outline, you'll have a step-by-step guide that you're able to follow until you're done writing. You could also make your topics which are along the exact same lines. Figure out which of the topics, you presently have a fairly good background on which will make it possible for you to have a relative edge. When it has to do with writing an argumentative ess ay, the most crucial point to do is to select a topic and an argument which you can really get behind. In choosing your topic, it's frequently a good notion to start out with a subject which you already have some familiarity with. The question might be part of your introduction, or it may make a terrific title. Odds are, all you have to do is relax and locate a topic you're passionate about and, needless to say, one that's debatable. Selecting an emotional topic is also a great idea. It is essential to have a notion about the primary purpose of the topic which you're going to do the job. You must find the research to show your opinion is the right view of the topic. It's not sufficient to select a topic which everybody agrees on. When you are requested to select a great topic for your argument, start with something you're acquainted with. Critical thinking essays demand a deep thought procedure and its effectiveness can be decided by your passion towards the subject. Education scholars are continuously evolving the way that they think about how we learn and what's taught. English language classes usually take a lot of writing. Students are part of the educational system and in addition, they play a part in politics so such issues touch nearly all students in all nations. The Unexposed Secret of Argumentative Essay Topics Organizational You can't create an argument if you don't take a stance and just add details about the given subject. For instance, in college, you might be requested to compose a paper from the opposing perspective. You can rest assured your point of view is right until you satisfy an individual that thinks that you're completely erroneous. It's important to select debatable argumentative essay topics as you need opposing points that you could counter to your own points.

Times Have Changed Essay Example For Students

Times Have Changed Essay Times Have Changed Times have changed dramatically inthe past thirty years. The style of living, the sizes of families,and education have all changed dramatically. During thefifties, sixties, and most of the early seventies teenagerswere thinking about going off to war or starting a family. Very few teenagers coming out of high school werethinking about college. Slowly as times started to change,more and more people were going off to college. Today atthe end of the nineties, very few people do not go off tocollege. Instead of high school students thinking aboutstarting families or going off to war, they have a biggerdecision to make. What college to attend. This decision willaffect ones entire life; how they live, where they work,what size family they are going to have, and sometimeswhom they will marry. Today, choosing a college is almostone of the biggest decisions one would have to make. Theanswer to this question will affect them for life. Finding agood job in the workforce is getting more difficult as timegoes on. Employers are looking for individuals who aresmart and can add something to the company; thecompetition is fierce. They are no longer acceptingteenagers right out of High School. They are looking forpeople in their mid- twenties with a four-year degree,so metimes even a graduate level degree. Many hypothesizethat this is because companies are paying their employeesmore. Another hypothesis is that they are trying to moveforward. These companies are trying to expand on whatthey already have. There is a race to become the biggestand the best. Therefore, they are looking to collegestudents who are specialized and know about the field. They are willing to pay college graduates a lot of moneybecause they have faith that they will earn it back. Duringthe fifties, sixties, and early seventies companies werehappy to be getting anyone. With the wars going on and theprotests for peace, most fresh workers were occupied. These companies were willing to pay and train anyone thatmight have been interested. Their selection was not as greatas it is now. The selection of workers today is enormous. Therefore, college students today have to work harder toappear better than the next person. They need to sellthemselves on paper. It is hard to do this without a goodcollege name on ones resume. One should keep in mind allthat has changed in thirty years. Imagine what can change infour years. The difficulty of getting a job could increase. With that, the amount of people applying for the same job,with the same qualifications can also increase in difficulty. The power of a good education should not beunderestimated; in many cases, it means a good future. Category: Miscellaneous

WeberDurkheimMarx and how they account for religio Essay Example For Students

WeberDurkheimMarx and how they account for religio Essay nHow do we account for religion its origin, its development, and even its persistence in modern society? This is a question which has occupied many people in a variety of fields for quite a long time. At one point, the answers were framed in purely theological and religious terms, assuming the truth of Christian revelations and proceeding from there. In the 18th and 19th centuries, a more naturalistic approach developed. Instead of needing to believe in the truth of the religion, what was required was just the opposite: intellectual detachment and a suspension of belief. Three people who ended up doing just that were Karl Marx, Emile Durkheim and Max Weber.Marx studied philosophy in Berlin under William Hegel. Hegels philosophy had a decisive influence upon Marxs own thinking and theories. According to Marx, religion is an expression of material realities and economic injustice. Thus, problems in religion are ultimately problems in society. Religion is not the disease, but merely a symptom. It is used by oppressors to make people feel better about the distress they experience due to being poor and exploited. This is the origin of his comment that religion is the opium of the people. People do not have an objective view of the world; they see it from the restricted point of view of their own positions.(p.35) At times I may seem to be focusing more on economic rather than religious theory, but that is because Marxs basic stance is that everything is always about economics. We will write a custom essay on WeberDurkheimMarx and how they account for religio specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now According to Marx, humans even from their earliest beginnings are notmotivated by grand ideas but instead by material concerns, like the need to eat and survive. This is the basic premise of a materialist view of history. At the beginning, people worked together in unity and it wasnt so bad. But eventually, humans developed agriculture and the concept of private property. These two facts created a division of labor and a separation of classes based upon power and wealth. This material organization of society is what Marx calls class consciousness. This, in turn, created the social conflict that drives society. All of this is made worse by capitalism which only increases the disparity between the wealthy classes and the labor classes. Confrontation between them is unavoidable because those classes are driven by historical forces beyond anyones control. Capitalism also creates one new misery: exploitation of surplus value. For Marx, an ideal economic system would involve exchanges of equal value for equal value, where value is determined simply by the amount of work put into whatever is being produced. Capitalism interrupts this ideal by introducing a profit motive a desire to produce an uneven exchange of lesser value for greater value. Profit is ultimately derived from the surplus value produced by workers in factories. A laborer might produce enough value to feed his family in two hours of work, but he keeps at the job for a full day in Marxs time, that might be 12 or 14 hours. Those extra hours represent the surplus value produced by the worker. The owner of the factory did nothing to earn this, but exploits it nevertheless and keeps the difference as profit. Economics, then, are what constitute the base of all of human life and history generating division of labor, class struggle, and all the social institutions which are supposed to maintain the status quo. Those social institutions are a superstructure built upon the base of economics, totally dependent upon material and economic realities but nothing else. All of the institutions which are prominent in our daily lives marriage, church, government, arts, etc. can only be truly understood when examined in relation to economic forces. It should be clear now that religion is one of those social institutions which are dependent upon the material and economic realities in a given society. It has no independent history but is instead the creature of productive forces. As Marx wrote, The religious world is but the reflex of the real world. Marx asserts that religion is only dependent upon economics, nothing else so much so that the actual doctrines of the religions are almost irrelevant. This is a functionalist interpretation of religion understanding religion is not dependent upon the content of beliefs, but what social purpose religion itself serves. Marx believes that religion is an illusion whose chief purpose is to provide reasons and excuses to keep society functioning just as it is. Just as capitalism takes our productive labor and alienates us from its value, religion also takes our qualities our highest ideals and aspirations and alienates us from them, projecting them onto an alien and unknowable being called a god. Religion is meant to create illusory fantasies for the poor. Economic realities prevent them from finding true happiness in this life, so religion tells them that this is OK because they will find that true happiness in the next life. For Marx, the problem lies in the fact that just like an opiate drug fails to fix a physical injury it merely helps you forget your pain and suffering, religion also does not fix the underlying causes of peoples pain and suffering instead, it helps them forget why they are suffering and get them to look forward to an imaginary future when the pain will cease instead of workin g to change circumstances now. Even worse, this drug of religion is being administered by the same oppressors who are ultimately responsible for the pain and suffering in the first place. Emile Durkheim continued with Marxs theories in his book The Elementary forms of Religious Life that was published just a few years before his death, in 1912. As Marx had argued that every class had its own conscious view of reality, Durkheim went further to demonstrate that even the most basic social ideas as time, space and God can be seen as creations of society. Durkheim suggests that there is not one reality but many and that this reality only exists because of the symbolic creations of humans and their rituals. Durkheim studied the aboriginal tribes of Australia in an effort to understand religion. He concluded that religion always involves a distinction between things that are sacred and things that are profane. Durkheim uses the example of the totem pole that functions to hold the tribe together. The totemic animal, Durkheim believed, was the original focus of religious activity because it was the emblem for a social group, the clan. He thought that the function of religion was to make people willing to put the interests of society ahead of their own desires. All members of the tribe gather together to perform periodic totem rituals, it is these rituals that set the rules for social order. It is forbidden to kill or harm the totem animal and it is therefor forbidden to kill or harm ones fellow tribesmen who name themselves after the totem. In the modern Christian religion, Durkeim argues that the moral commandments such as The Golden Rule and The Ten Commandments are primarily social rules. These rules regulate humans behavior toward eachother and serve to maintain a sense of social unity. People do not follow these rules out of their fear for heaven or hell but for their desire to be accepted by society. If they participate in the religious rituals they will feel a sense of belonging, whereas those who break the rules and avoid the rituals suffer from social isolation. To Durkheim, God is merely a symbol of society. .udc5af292879c736e8e901ba71e7c6119 , .udc5af292879c736e8e901ba71e7c6119 .postImageUrl , .udc5af292879c736e8e901ba71e7c6119 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .udc5af292879c736e8e901ba71e7c6119 , .udc5af292879c736e8e901ba71e7c6119:hover , .udc5af292879c736e8e901ba71e7c6119:visited , .udc5af292879c736e8e901ba71e7c6119:active { border:0!important; } .udc5af292879c736e8e901ba71e7c6119 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .udc5af292879c736e8e901ba71e7c6119 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .udc5af292879c736e8e901ba71e7c6119:active , .udc5af292879c736e8e901ba71e7c6119:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .udc5af292879c736e8e901ba71e7c6119 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .udc5af292879c736e8e901ba71e7c6119 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .udc5af292879c736e8e901ba71e7c6119 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .udc5af292879c736e8e901ba71e7c6119 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .udc5af292879c736e8e901ba71e7c6119:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .udc5af292879c736e8e901ba71e7c6119 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .udc5af292879c736e8e901ba71e7c6119 .udc5af292879c736e8e901ba71e7c6119-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .udc5af292879c736e8e901ba71e7c6119:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Confucianism EssayMax Webers sociology is the foundation of scientific sociology of religion in a sense of typological and objective understanding. Rejecting Karl Marxs evolutionary law of class society, or Emile Durkheims sustained law of moral society, Weber established the understanding sociology of the subjective meaning of religious action or inaction. He argued that the transformation of religion allowed for social changes where people could now work together to gain economic wealth. In a primitive society there were many gods, those kinsmen who worshipped the same household god as you could be trusted but those strangers who worshipped a different god were aliens an d could not be trusted. The rise of the great world religions, such as Buddhism, Christianity and Islam, separated the idea of the natural world from the idea of the spiritual world. Instead of gods and spirits, people become widely concerned with the idea of heaven and hell. Weber argues that the idea of a universal God allowed for laws based on consistent general principles. Religion itself can also develop in new directions. (P.133) In primitive religions one prays to the gods to make his crops grow or kill off enemies. In the event of a natural disaster the kinsmen would believe that the gods were angry with them and continue to hold ceremonial sacrifices until the weather was better. It was this fear of the gods that kept the primitive kinsmen from trusting anyone else. In this new spiritual realm, the righteous individual who follows all the rituals and laws of his religion can still hope for salvation even if his has bad fortune. The ideas of good and evil can develop separately from the ideas of wor ldly success and failure.(P.134)In Webers writing The Protestant Ethic he discusses the role that religion played in the rise of capitalism. This new religious breakthrough opened many of the doors to industrialization: laying the basis for a moral community of trust underlying peaceful commerce; rationalizing the legal system; motivating people to remake political, social, and economic institutions in keeping with an imperative to transform the world more closely to the ideal.(P.134) Religion was now responsible for uniting and enlarging a community who could live together in peace with the same moral and ethical code of conduct. Weber believed that the Protestant ethic broke the hold of tradition while it encouraged men to apply themselves rationally to their work. Calvinism, he found, had developed a set of beliefs around the concept of predestination. Followers of Calvin believed that one could not do good works or perform acts of faith to assure your place in heaven. You were e ither among the elect (in which case you were in) or you were not. However, wealth was taken as a sign by you and your neighbors that you were one of the Gods elect, thereby providing encouragement for people to acquire wealth. The Protestant ethic therefore provided religious sanctions that fostered a spirit of rigorous discipline, encouraging men to apply themselves rationally to acquire wealth. This naturalistic approach to religion represented a fundamental paradigm shift in how religion was to be viewed. Instead of requiring clergy in order to understand religion, the requirement became facts and information and research. Whether you agree with the evaluation of the social function of religion as Marx did, that religion was the opium of the people, as Durkheim did that religion was what made moral society hold together, or with Webers The Protestant ethic, it is obvious that religion played a key role in the development of society. 1- Collins, Makowisky; The Discovery of SocietyHow do we account for religion its origin, its development, and even its persistence in modern society? This is a question which has occupied many people in a variety of fields for quite a long time. At one point, the answers were framed in purely theological and religious terms, assuming the truth of Christian revelations and proceeding from there. In the 18th and 19th centuries, a more naturalistic approach developed. Instead of needing to believe in the truth of the religion, what was required was just the opposite: intellectual detachment and a suspension of belief. Three people who ended up doing just that were Karl Marx, Emile Durkheim and Max Weber.Marx studied philosophy in Berlin under William Hegel. Hegels philosophy had a decisive influence upon Marxs own thinking and theories. According to Marx, religion is an expression of material realities and economic injustice. Thus, problems in religion are ultimately problems in socie ty. Religion is not the disease, but merely a symptom. It is used by oppressors to make people feel better about the distress they experience due to being poor and exploited. This is the origin of his comment that religion is the opium of the people. People do not have an objective view of the world; they see it from the restricted point of view of their own positions.(p.35) At times I may seem to be focusing more on economic rather than religious theory, but that is because Marxs basic stance is that everything is always about economics. According to Marx, humans even from their earliest beginnings are notmotivated by grand ideas but instead by material concerns, like the need to eat and survive. This is the basic premise of a materialist view of history. At the beginning, people worked together in unity and it wasnt so bad. But eventually, humans developed agriculture and the concept of private property. These two facts created a division of labor and a separation of classes based upon power and wealth. This material organization of society is what Marx calls class consciousness. This, in turn, created the social conflict that drives society. All of this is made worse by capitalism which only increases the disparity between the wealthy classes and the labor classes. Confrontation between them is unavoidable because those classes are driven by historical forces beyond anyones control. Capitalism also creates one new misery: exploitation of surplus value. For Marx, an ideal economic system would involve exchanges of equal value for equal value, where value is determined simply by the amount of work put into whatever is being produced. Capitalism interrupts this ideal by introducing a profit motive a desire to produce an uneven exchange of lesser value for greater value. Profit is ultimately derived from the surplus value produced by workers in factories. A laborer might produce enough value to feed his family in two hours of work, but he keeps at the job for a full day in Marxs time, that might be 12 or 14 hours. Those extra hours represent the surplus value produced by the worker. The owner of the factory did nothing to earn this, but exploits it nevertheless and keeps the difference as profit. Economics, then, are what constitute the base of all of human life and history generating division of labor, class struggle, and all the social institutions which are supposed to maintain the status quo. Those social institutions are a superstructure built upon the base of economics, totally dependent upon material and economic realities but nothing else. All of the institutions which are prominent in our daily lives marriage, church, government, arts, etc. can only be truly understood when examined in relation to economic forces. It should be clear now that religion is one of those social institutions which are dependent upon the material and economic realities in a given society. It has no independent history but is instead the creature of productive forces. As Marx wrote, The religious world is but the reflex of the real world. Marx asserts that religion is only dependent upon economics, nothing else so much so that the actual doctrines of the religions are almost irrelevant. This is a functionalist interpretation of religion understanding religion is not dependent upon the content of beliefs, but what social purpose religion itself serves. .udcdd97efcf7b4ff10d67e94cc10529f1 , .udcdd97efcf7b4ff10d67e94cc10529f1 .postImageUrl , .udcdd97efcf7b4ff10d67e94cc10529f1 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .udcdd97efcf7b4ff10d67e94cc10529f1 , .udcdd97efcf7b4ff10d67e94cc10529f1:hover , .udcdd97efcf7b4ff10d67e94cc10529f1:visited , .udcdd97efcf7b4ff10d67e94cc10529f1:active { border:0!important; } .udcdd97efcf7b4ff10d67e94cc10529f1 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .udcdd97efcf7b4ff10d67e94cc10529f1 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .udcdd97efcf7b4ff10d67e94cc10529f1:active , .udcdd97efcf7b4ff10d67e94cc10529f1:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .udcdd97efcf7b4ff10d67e94cc10529f1 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .udcdd97efcf7b4ff10d67e94cc10529f1 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .udcdd97efcf7b4ff10d67e94cc10529f1 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .udcdd97efcf7b4ff10d67e94cc10529f1 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .udcdd97efcf7b4ff10d67e94cc10529f1:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .udcdd97efcf7b4ff10d67e94cc10529f1 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .udcdd97efcf7b4ff10d67e94cc10529f1 .udcdd97efcf7b4ff10d67e94cc10529f1-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .udcdd97efcf7b4ff10d67e94cc10529f1:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Bill of rights EssayMarx believes that religion is an illusion whose chief purpose is to provide reasons and excuses to keep society functioning just as it is. Just as capitalism takes our productive labor and alienates us from its value, religion also takes our qualities our highest ideals and aspirations and alienates us from them, projecting them onto an alien and unknowable being called a god. Religion is meant to create illusory fantasies for the poor. Economic realities prevent them from finding true happiness in this life, so religion tells them that this is OK because they will find that true happiness in the next life. For Marx, the problem lies in the fact that just like an opiate drug fails to fix a physical injury it merely helps you forget your pain and suffering, religion also does not fix the underlying causes of peoples pain and suffering instead, it helps them forget why they are suffering and get them to look forward to an imaginary future when the pain will cease instead of working to change circumstances now. Even worse, this drug of religion is being administered by the same oppressors who are ultimately responsible for the pain and suffering in the first place. Emile Durkheim continued with Marxs theories in his book The Elementary forms of Religious Life that was published just a few years before his death, in 1912. As Marx had argued that every class had its own conscious view of reality, Durkheim went further to demonstrate that even the most basic social ideas as time, space and God can be seen as creations of society. Durkheim suggests that there is not one reality but many and that this reality only exists because of the symbolic creations of humans and their rituals. Durkheim studied the aboriginal tribes of Australia in an effort to understand religion. He concluded that religion always involves a distinction between things that are sacred and things that are profane. Durkheim uses the example of the totem pole that functions to hold the tribe together. The totemic animal, Durkheim believed, was the original focus of religious activity because it was the emblem for a social group, the clan. He thought that the function of religion was to make people willing to put the interests of society ahead of their own desires. All members of the tribe gather together to perform periodic totem rituals, it is these rituals that set the rules for social order. It is forbidden to kill or harm the totem animal and it is therefor forbidden to kill or harm ones fellow tribesmen who name themselves after the totem. In the modern Christian religion, Durkeim argues that the moral commandments such as The Golden Rule and The Ten Commandments are primarily social rules. These rules regulate humans behavior toward eachother and serve to maintain a sense of social unity. People do not follow these rules out of their fear for heaven or hell but for their desire to be accepted by society. If they participate in the religious rituals they will feel a sense of belonging, whereas those who break the rules and avoid the rituals suffer from social isolation. To Durkheim, God is merely a symbol of society. Max Webers sociology is the foundation of scientific sociology of religion in a sense of typological and objective understanding. Rejecting Karl Marxs evolutionary law of class society, or Emile Durkheims sustained law of moral society, Weber established the understanding sociology of the subjective meaning of religious action or inaction. He argued that the transformation of religion allowed for social changes where people could now work together to gain economic wealth. In a primitive society there were many gods, those kinsmen who worshipped the same household god as you could be trusted but those strangers who worshipped a different god were aliens and could not be trusted. The rise of the great world religions, such as Buddhism, Christianity and Islam, separated the idea of the natural world from the idea of the spiritual world. Instead of gods and spirits, people become widely concerned with the idea of heaven and hell. Weber argues that the idea of a universal God allowed for laws based on consistent general principles. Religion itself can also develop in new directions. (P.133) In primitive religions one prays to the gods to make his crops grow or kill off enemies. In the event of a natural disaster the kinsmen would believe that the gods were angry with them and continue to hold ceremonial sacrifices until the weather was better. It was this fear of the gods that kept the primitive kinsmen from trusting anyone else. In this new spiritual realm, the righteous individual who follows all the rituals and laws of his religion can still hope for salvation even if his has bad fortune. The ideas of good and evil can develop separately from the ideas of wor ldly success and failure.(P.134)In Webers writing The Protestant Ethic he discusses the role that religion played in the rise of capitalism. This new religious breakthrough opened many of the doors to industrialization: laying the basis for a moral community of trust underlying peaceful commerce; rationalizing the legal system; motivating people to remake political, social, and economic institutions in keeping with an imperative to transform the world more closely to the ideal.(P.134) Religion was now responsible for uniting and enlarging a community who could live together in peace with the same moral and ethical code of conduct. Weber believed that the Protestant ethic broke the hold of tradition while it encouraged men to apply themselves rationally to their work. Calvinism, he found, had developed a set of beliefs around the concept of predestination. Followers of Calvin believed that one could not do good works or perform acts of faith to assure your place in heaven. You were e ither among the elect (in which case you were in) or you were not. However, wealth was taken as a sign by you and your neighbors that you were one of the Gods elect, thereby providing encouragement for people to acquire wealth. The Protestant ethic therefore provided religious sanctions that fostered a spirit of rigorous discipline, encouraging men to apply themselves rationally to acquire wealth. This naturalistic approach to religion represented a fundamental paradigm shift in how religion was to be viewed. Instead of requiring clergy in order to understand religion, the requirement became facts and information and research. Whether you agree with the evaluation of the social function of religion as Marx did, that religion was the opium of the people, as Durkheim did that religion was what made moral society hold together, or with Webers The Protestant ethic, it is obvious that religion played a key role in the development of society. 1- Collins, Makowisky; The Discovery of SocietyHow do we account for religion its origin, its development, and even its persistence in modern society? This is a question which has occupied many people in a variety of fields for quite a long time. At one point, the answers were framed in purely theological and religious terms, assuming the truth of Christian revelations and proceeding from there. In the 18th and 19th centuries, a more naturalistic approach developed. Instead of needing to believe in the truth of the religion, what was required was just the opposite: intellectual detachment and a suspension of belief. Three people who ended up doing just that were Karl Marx, Emile Durkheim and Max Weber.Bibliography: